{"id":386,"date":"2026-09-03T08:06:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T06:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chiefofstaff.se\/?page_id=386"},"modified":"2026-09-29T11:28:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T09:28:22","slug":"informationssystemen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chiefofstaff.se\/sv\/start\/affarsproblem\/informationssystemen\/","title":{"rendered":"Informationssystemen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Problemet med dagens informationssystemslandskap \u00e4r s\u00e4llan systemen i sig. Den verkliga utmaningen \u00e4r att organisationer saknar en gemensam styrning av den information som systemen ska b\u00e4ra. Otydligt data\u00e4garskap, lokala definitioner, Excelbaserade skuggsystem och fragmenterad beh\u00f6righet skapar parallella bilder av verksamheten \u2013 med \u00f6kade risker, ineffektiva processer och os\u00e4kra beslut som f\u00f6ljd. Den h\u00e4r artikeln unders\u00f6ker varf\u00f6r lokal organisationsoptimering ofta st\u00e5r i v\u00e4gen f\u00f6r en organisations\u00f6vergripande informationsmodell och varf\u00f6r Data Governance m\u00e5ste bli en strategisk ledningsfr\u00e5ga. F\u00f6rst n\u00e4r ansvar, begrepp, masterdata och arkitektur h\u00e4nger samman kan en verklig \u201dSingle Source of Truth\u201d bli m\u00f6jlig.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">\u201dJ\u00e4vla skit-system\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Rubriken \u00e4r h\u00e4mtad fr\u00e5n en bok med samma namn, skriven av Jonas S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m. M\u00e5nga organisationer har under l\u00e5ng tid investerat i stora system s\u00e5som aff\u00e4rssystem (ERP, Enterprise Resource Planning) s\u00e5som SAP f\u00f6r att skapa en integrerad informationsplattform f\u00f6r ekonomi, logistik, ink\u00f6p, produktion och f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljning. Trots detta sker en stor del av den faktiska analysen, rapporteringen och beslutsst\u00f6det utanf\u00f6r ERP-systemet, ofta i lokalt utvecklade Excelark och personberoende rapportl\u00f6sningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Konsekvensen \u00e4r att organisationen saknar en gemensam och samordnad informationsmodell. Samma aff\u00e4rsh\u00e4ndelse kan beskrivas och tolkas p\u00e5 olika s\u00e4tt beroende p\u00e5 vilket system eller vilken rapport som anv\u00e4nds. Ett vanligt exempel \u00e4r leveransdatum d\u00e4r definitionen kan skilja sig mellan orderhanteringssystem, transportbokningssystem och ERP-system. Detta leder till att olika avdelningar presenterar olika versioner av samma fakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Problemet f\u00f6rst\u00e4rks av att anv\u00e4ndare m\u00e5ste arbeta i m\u00e5nga olika informationssystem med separata anv\u00e4ndarkonton, autentiseringsl\u00f6sningar och beh\u00f6righetsmodeller. \u00c4ven n\u00e4r systemen tekniskt sett har h\u00f6g tillg\u00e4nglighet uppst\u00e5r verksamhetsproblem genom inloggningssv\u00e5righeter, beh\u00f6righetskonflikter och komplexa arbetsfl\u00f6den. F\u00f6r medarbetaren upplevs systemen som otillg\u00e4ngliga trots att servrarna fungerar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Ur ett aff\u00e4rsperspektiv leder detta till:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">\u00d6kad administrativ belastning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">L\u00e4gre produktivitet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">H\u00f6gre operativ risk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">F\u00f6rs\u00e4mrad datakvalitet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">\u00d6kat personberoende<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Svagare beslutsunderlag<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Stress och frustration hos anv\u00e4ndarna<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Det centrala problemet \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r inte att systemen \u00e4r nere, utan att organisationen saknar en sammanh\u00e5llen informationsarkitektur och tydlig styrning av data som en strategisk tillg\u00e5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity ext-animate--on is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Historisk \u00e5terblick<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Historiskt byggdes ERP-system f\u00f6r att vara organisationens &#8221;single source of truth&#8221;. N\u00e4r SAP och andra ERP-plattformar inf\u00f6rdes var m\u00e5let att konsolidera processer och informationsfl\u00f6den i ett gemensamt system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">I praktiken har dock verksamheternas behov utvecklats snabbare \u00e4n ERP-systemens anpassningsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga. Nya aff\u00e4rsmodeller, nya regulatoriska krav, digitalisering, molntj\u00e4nster och specialiserade verksamhetssystem har lett till att organisationer successivt byggt upp ett ekosystem av kompletterande l\u00f6sningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Resultatet har ofta blivit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">ERP-system f\u00f6r transaktioner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">BI-system f\u00f6r rapportering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">CRM-system f\u00f6r kunddata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Logistiksystem f\u00f6r transporter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Portall\u00f6sningar f\u00f6r leverant\u00f6rer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Excel f\u00f6r analys och operativ styrning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Varje inf\u00f6rande har varit rationellt ur ett lokalt perspektiv men har samtidigt \u00f6kat den \u00f6vergripande komplexiteten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e5nga organisationer har d\u00e4rf\u00f6r g\u00e5tt fr\u00e5n ett ERP-centrerat arbetss\u00e4tt till en situation d\u00e4r data finns utspridd \u00f6ver m\u00e5nga system. I takt med att datam\u00e4ngderna v\u00e4xer uppst\u00e5r fr\u00e5gor kring:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Datadefinitioner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Data\u00e4garskap<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Ansvar f\u00f6r masterdata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Informationss\u00e4kerhet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Datakvalitet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Det \u00e4r vanligt att ledningen uppt\u00e4cker problemet f\u00f6rst n\u00e4r olika rapporter visar olika siffror f\u00f6r samma KPI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity ext-animate--on is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">CoS syn p\u00e5 rotorsaksproblemet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Rotorsak 1: Otydligt data\u00e4garskap<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Den kanske viktigaste orsaken \u00e4r att ingen \u00e4ger informationen fr\u00e5n aff\u00e4rsperspektiv. IT \u00e4ger systemen. Verksamheten skapar informationen.Analytiker bearbetar informationen. Men vem \u00e4ger sj\u00e4lva datat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Exempel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Vem \u00e4ger kundnummer?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Vem \u00e4ger leveransdatum?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Vem \u00e4ger produktinformation?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Utan tydliga data\u00e4gare uppst\u00e5r olika definitioner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Rotorsak 2: Brist p\u00e5 Master Data Management<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Organisationen saknar ofta en central modell f\u00f6r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Kunddata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Leverant\u00f6rsdata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Produktdata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Organisationsdata<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Olika system utvecklar d\u00e5 egna versioner av samma information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Rotorsak 3: Excel som skuggsystem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4r anv\u00e4ndare inte f\u00e5r den analys de beh\u00f6ver fr\u00e5n ERP skapar de egna kalkylark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6rdelar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Snabbt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Flexibelt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Nackdelar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Versionsproblem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Manuella fel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Ingen sp\u00e5rbarhet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Personberoende<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Excel blir d\u00e5 ett informellt informationssystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Rotorsak 4: Fragmenterad identitetshantering<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e5nga inloggningar inneb\u00e4r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Flera anv\u00e4ndarkonton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Flera l\u00f6senord<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Flera beh\u00f6righetsstrukturer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Anv\u00e4ndarens upplevelse av tillg\u00e4nglighet f\u00f6rs\u00e4mras trots h\u00f6g teknisk drifttillg\u00e4nglighet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Rotorsak 5: Bristande informationsarkitektur<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Systemen har inf\u00f6rts stegvis utan en samlad styrning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Konsekvenser:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Data dupliceras<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Integrationer v\u00e4xer okontrollerat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">KPI-definitioner skiljer sig<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Beslutsunderlag blir inkonsistenta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">4. Vem \u00e4ger data och information?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Detta \u00e4r en central Chief of Staff-fr\u00e5ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Internt<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Rekommenderad modell:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table ext-animate--on\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Information<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Aff\u00e4rs\u00e4gare<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kunddata<\/strong><\/td><td>F\u00f6rs\u00e4ljningschef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Leverant\u00f6rsdata<\/strong><\/td><td>Ink\u00f6pschef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Produktdata<\/strong><\/td><td>Produkt\u00e4gare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Logistikdata<\/strong><\/td><td>Supply Chain Director<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Finansiell data<\/strong><\/td><td>CFO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Personaldata<\/strong><\/td><td>HR-direkt\u00f6r<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">IT avdelningen &nbsp;b\u00f6r vara system\u00e4gare och infrastruktur\u00e4gare, men inte informations\u00e4gare eller arbetsprocess\u00e4gare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Externt<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Informations\u00e4gande blir mer komplext n\u00e4r information kommer fr\u00e5n externa akt\u00f6rer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Exempel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Skatteverket<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Banker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Transport\u00f6rer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Leverant\u00f6rer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Kunder<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Myndigheter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Organisationen ansvarar fortfarande f\u00f6r kvaliteten i sina egna processer \u00e4ven om grundinformationen kommer fr\u00e5n extern k\u00e4lla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Namnbyte och koppling till folkbokf\u00f6ringen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Ett illustrativt exempel p\u00e5 informationsstyrning \u00e4r namnbyte efter gifterm\u00e5l. I Sverige registreras namn\u00e4ndringen hos Skatteverket genom folkbokf\u00f6ringen. Om f\u00f6retagets HR-system \u00e4r integrerat mot folkbokf\u00f6ringsdata kan namn\u00e4ndringen automatiskt uppdateras i vissa system. Problemet \u00e4r att stora organisationer s\u00e4llan har en enda identitet. Personen kan f\u00f6rekomma i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">HR-system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Active Directory\/Microsoft Entra ID<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">SAP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">L\u00f6nesystem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Beh\u00f6righetssystem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Tidsrapporteringssystem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">CRM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Samarbetsplattformar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Om inte identitetsf\u00f6rvaltningen \u00e4r v\u00e4l integrerad kan ett efternamnsbyte skapa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Dubbla konton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Felaktiga beh\u00f6righeter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Misslyckade integrationer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Begr\u00e4nsa tillg\u00e4ngligheten till ett eller flera system under veckor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Problem med signering och attestering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Detta illustrerar en viktig princip:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ett informationsobjekt (en person) m\u00e5ste ha en gemensam identitet \u00f6ver hela informationslandskapet.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Rotororsak 6: Konflikten mellan verksamhetsbaserad och infologisk implementering<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">En av de mest strategiska orsakerna till fragmenterade informationssystem \u00e4r valet mellan en verksamhetsbaserad respektive infologisk implementeringsmodell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Verksamhetsbaserad implementering<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">I en verksamhetsbaserad implementering av ett ERP-system till\u00e5ts varje organisatorisk enhet att implementera systemet utifr\u00e5n sina egna behov, processer och lokala prioriteringar. Varje aff\u00e4rsomr\u00e5de, division eller land kan d\u00e5 skapa egna:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">kundnummer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">artikelnummer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">leverant\u00f6rsnummer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">organisationsstrukturer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">produktklassificeringar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">rapportmodeller<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Ur ett projektperspektiv framst\u00e5r detta som attraktivt eftersom:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">implementationen g\u00e5r snabbare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">lokalt motst\u00e5nd minskar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">befintliga arbetss\u00e4tt kan beh\u00e5llas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">verksamheten upplever h\u00f6g grad av autonomi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e5 kort sikt reduceras projektkostnaden och f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringsmotst\u00e5ndet. P\u00e5 l\u00e4ngre sikt uppst\u00e5r dock ett betydande informationsproblem. Trots att hela organisationen anv\u00e4nder samma ERP-plattform, exempelvis SAP, existerar i praktiken flera separata system. Det som organisatoriskt ben\u00e4mns &#8221;ett SAP-system&#8221; best\u00e5r ofta av flera sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndiga installationer eller logiska milj\u00f6er med olika datamodeller, olika kodanpassningar och olika definitioner av aff\u00e4rsbegrepp. Konsekvensen blir att organisationen endast uppn\u00e5r lokal optimering samtidigt som m\u00f6jligheten till koncern\u00f6vergripande styrning f\u00f6rs\u00e4mras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Infologisk implementering<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">I en infologisk implementering betraktas organisationens information som en gemensam strategisk tillg\u00e5ng. Implementeringen utg\u00e5r d\u00e5 fr\u00e5n fr\u00e5gor s\u00e5som:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Vad \u00e4r en kund?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Vad \u00e4r en produkt?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Vad \u00e4r en leverant\u00f6r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Hur definieras leveransdatum?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Hur definieras oms\u00e4ttning?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">Hur definieras lagerstatus?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Syftet \u00e4r att etablera gemensamma masterdata f\u00f6r hela organisationen. Det inneb\u00e4r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">ett gemensamt kundregister<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">ett gemensamt artikelregister<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">ett gemensamt leverant\u00f6rsregister<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">gemensamma KPI-definitioner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">gemensamma processer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Hela organisationen arbetar d\u00e5 i samma informationsstruktur oavsett organisatorisk tillh\u00f6righet. F\u00f6rdelarna blir betydande:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">verklig &#8221;Single Source of Truth&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">h\u00f6gre datakvalitet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">enklare analys<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">b\u00e4ttre AI- och automatiseringsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrad styrning och transparens<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">enklare efterlevnad av regulatoriska krav<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity ext-animate--on is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Det organisatoriska dilemmat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Problemet \u00e4r att den infologiska modellen kr\u00e4ver n\u00e5got som m\u00e5nga organisationer har sv\u00e5rt att uppn\u00e5 vilket \u00e4r <strong>organisations\u00f6vergripande \u00f6verenskommelser.<\/strong> En gemensam datamodell inneb\u00e4r att lokala verksamheter m\u00e5ste kompromissa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Exempelvis kan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">s\u00e4ljorganisationen vilja definiera kunder p\u00e5 ett s\u00e4tt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">logistikorganisationen p\u00e5 ett annat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">finansorganisationen p\u00e5 ett tredje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Infologisk integration handlar d\u00e4rf\u00f6r mer om styrning och ledarskap \u00e4n om teknik. Den st\u00f6rsta kostnaden \u00e4r normalt inte systemutveckling utan organisatorisk samordning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Ackumulerad teknisk skuld \u00f6ver tid<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4r flera verksamhetsbaserade implementationer till\u00e5ts utvecklas under m\u00e5nga \u00e5r uppst\u00e5r en v\u00e4xande teknisk och informationsm\u00e4ssig skuld.&nbsp; Olika delar av organisationen kommer successivt att:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">uppgradera vid olika tidpunkter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">utveckla egna till\u00e4gg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">anpassa databasscheman<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">inf\u00f6ra egna integrationer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra processlogik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Efter fem, tio eller kanske femton \u00e5r kan tv\u00e5 SAP-installationer inom samma koncern ha lika stora skillnader som tv\u00e5 helt olika ERP-system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Organisationen f\u00e5r d\u00e5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">flera informationssanningar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">flera integrationsplattformar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">flera utvecklingsmodeller<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">flera versionskedjor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Den tekniska plattformen \u00e4r gemensam till namnet men inte till funktionen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Transformationskostnaden<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4r ledningen senare beslutar att skapa ett verkligt organisations\u00f6vergripande informationssystem uppst\u00e5r en av de dyraste typerna av digital transformation. \u00d6verg\u00e5ngen fr\u00e5n flera verksamhetsbaserade implementationer till ett gemensamt infologiskt system kr\u00e4ver normalt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ext-animate--on\">\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">harmonisering av masterdata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">konsolidering av processer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">migrering av historisk data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">ombyggnad av integrationer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrade styrmodeller<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ext-animate--on\">omfattande f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringsledning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">I stora internationella organisationer uppg\u00e5r s\u00e5dana transformationer ofta till hundratals miljoner euro och i vissa fall miljardbelopp i euro. Den egentliga kostnaden \u00e4r inte tekniken utan att organisationen m\u00e5ste enas om en gemensam beskrivning av verkligheten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity ext-animate--on is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading ext-animate--on\">Sammanfattning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ext-animate--on wp-block-paragraph\">Det centrala aff\u00e4rsproblemet \u00e4r inte bristande funktionalitet eller l\u00e5g tillg\u00e4nglighet i ERP-system som SAP, utan avsaknaden av en sammanh\u00e5llen styrning av information som en strategisk tillg\u00e5ng. N\u00e4r data\u00e4garskapet \u00e4r otydligt, gemensamma definitioner saknas och Excel anv\u00e4nds som skuggsystem uppst\u00e5r parallella versioner av samma aff\u00e4rsinformation. Fragmenterad identitets- och beh\u00f6righetshantering samt svag informationsarkitektur och masterdatahantering f\u00f6rst\u00e4rker problemet. F\u00f6ljden blir h\u00f6gre operativ risk, ineffektiva processer och beslut som baseras p\u00e5 olika bilder av verkligheten. Grundorsaken \u00e4r ofta sp\u00e4nningen mellan lokal verksamhetsoptimering och organisations\u00f6vergripande informationsstyrning. Om ERP inf\u00f6rs utifr\u00e5n separata verksamheters behov, snarare \u00e4n en gemensam infologisk modell, byggs lokala l\u00f6sningar och egna sanningar in i strukturen. Ju l\u00e4ngre detta till\u00e5ts fortg\u00e5, desto st\u00f6rre blir komplexiteten och den framtida transformationskostnaden f\u00f6r att skapa ett verkligt organisations\u00f6vergripande informationssystem. F\u00f6r en Chief of Staff b\u00f6r prioriteten d\u00e4rf\u00f6r vara att etablera en tydlig Data Governance-modell. Varje kritisk informationsm\u00e4ngd beh\u00f6ver en utsedd aff\u00e4rs\u00e4gare, gemensamma begrepp och regler f\u00f6r hur information skapas, kvalitetss\u00e4kras, \u00e4ndras, delas och anv\u00e4nds. Detta m\u00e5ste kombineras med gemensamma masterdata, en sammanh\u00e5llen informationsarkitektur och konsekvent beh\u00f6righetsstyrning. Den avg\u00f6rande strategiska fr\u00e5gan \u00e4r om organisationen ska fungera som en federation av verksamheter med egna sanningar eller som ett f\u00f6retag med en gemensam informationsmodell. Svaret avg\u00f6r om en \u201dSingle Source of Truth\u201d kan bli en realistisk grund f\u00f6r digital styrning, effektiv samverkan och tillf\u00f6rlitligt beslutsfattande \u2013 eller f\u00f6rbli en vision som inte g\u00e5r att genomf\u00f6ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity ext-animate--on is-style-wide\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problemet med dagens informationssystemslandskap \u00e4r s\u00e4llan systemen i sig. Den verkliga utmaningen \u00e4r att organisationer saknar en gemensam styrning av den information som systemen ska b\u00e4ra. Otydligt data\u00e4garskap, lokala definitioner, Excelbaserade skuggsystem och fragmenterad beh\u00f6righet skapar parallella bilder av verksamheten \u2013 med \u00f6kade risker, ineffektiva processer och os\u00e4kra beslut som f\u00f6ljd. Den h\u00e4r artikeln unders\u00f6ker [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":384,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-with-title","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"wf_page_folders":[16],"class_list":["post-386","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u00e5 \u00f6verkommer du fragmenterad identitetshantering och Excel-skammarkontroller: etablera gemensamma begrepp, processer och data\u00e4garskap.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chiefofstaff.se\/sv\/start\/affarsproblem\/informationssystemen\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" 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